ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the expression level and localization of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in gingival samples of healthy and chronic periodontitis subjects by indirect immunofluorescence technique (IFT). Materials and Methods: In this study, gingival tissue samples were obtained from 25 healthy and 25 periodontitis individuals. The tissues were processed and the initial characterization was done by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression and localization of the TLR4 receptor were determined in the epithelial and connective layer cells of the gingival tissue using the indirect IFT. Immunofluorescence images were acquired and quantitative expression of TLRs was analyzed by calculating the percentage of cells showing positive results. Results: We found that the healthy control group exhibited significantly lower values of TLR4 expression in comparison with the periodontitis patients. We also found that in patients with periodontitis the concentration of TLR4 was higher in the epithelium as compared to their expression in connective tissue cells. Conclusions: These data suggested a definite involvement of TLR4 in initiating and progression of an inflammatory response in periodontitis.
ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression level and localization of Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 in gingival samples of healthy and chronic periodontitis subjects by indirect immunofluorescence technique. Methods: Gingival tissue samples were obtained from 25 healthy individuals and 25 chronic periodontitis patients. The tissues were processed and the initial characterization was done by H&E staining. Indirect immunofluorescence technique was then performed to detect TLR2 and TLR4. Immunofluorescence images were acquired and quantitative expression of TLRs was analyzed by calculating the percentage of cells showing positive results. Results: TLR2 and TLR4 expression in healthy gingival tissues were lower than in the tissues of patients with periodontitis. In patients with periodontitis both TLR2 and TLR4 expression was slightly higher in epithelium as compared to their expression in connective tissue. Conclusions: The results suggest that TLR2 and TLR4 in the gingival cells are stimulated by the bacterial products in the oral cavity and participate in the innate immune response against these organisms.
ABSTRACT
Mealey bug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus) causes dreadful infection in Hibiscus rosa sinensis.Infections are highly virulent and alters biochemical components of the species. Therefore an attempt has been made to evaluate the alteration of biochemical components in Hibiscus stem at various stages of infection. The results reveal that partial infected stem had shown 78% decrease in its aminoacids whereas highly infected had shown 64% decrease. The results also show that proteins had increased significantly(72%) in highly infected stem and noticeable increase (63%) in partial infected.
ABSTRACT
Mealey bug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus) causes dreadful infection in Hibiscus rosa sinensis.Infections are highly virulent and alters biochemical componenets of the species. Therefore an attempt has been made to evaluate the alteration of biochemical components in Hibiscus stem at various stages of infection. The results reveal that partial infected stem had shown 14.2% increase in its total soluble sugars whereas highly infected had shown 40% decrease.The results also show that total soluble sugars had increased significantly(14%) in highly infected stem and noticeable increase (3%) in partial infected.
ABSTRACT
This paper reports physicochemical studies in fungal infected galls of Pongamia pinnata. The parameters assayed were Total ash, acid insolubility and water solubility values and extractive values (Alcohol, water and petroleum ether). Fungal infected galls showed significantly higher value of ash, acid insolubility and low water solubility and high extractive values (petroleum ether and water) when compared to normal galls.